Overview and Key Differences: I) United States of America: Criteria: An innovation must be new, useful and non-obvious. Term: 20 years from filing date, no extension for patents in general. Enforcement: There is a strong all india whatsapp number list legal system that favors patent holders with possibilities for significant damages and injunctions. II) The European Union: Criteria: Must demonstrate originality, inventive step, and industrial applicability.

Term: 20 years and may be extended through Supplementary Protection Certificates (SPCs) for certain products such as pharmaceuticals. Enforcement: Varies across Member States; however, the introduction of the Unified Patent Court (UPC) aims to streamline enforcement. III) China: Criteria: Focuses on originality, inventive step, and practical applicability.